India has achieved a major milestone in its nuclear energy journey as the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam attains first criticality. This marks the beginning of a controlled nuclear fission chain reaction and a crucial step toward long-term energy security.

Developed by the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and built by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited, the 500 MWe PFBR uses advanced fast breeder technology to generate more fuel than it consumes.

Located in Kalpakkam, this reactor plays a key role in India’s three-stage nuclear programme. It converts Uranium-238 into Plutonium-239 and will eventually enable the use of Thorium-232—unlocking India’s vast thorium reserves for clean, sustainable energy.

This achievement, cleared by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, positions India among the few nations with advanced fast breeder reactor technology.

⚡ Why it matters:

Boosts India’s energy independence
Maximizes nuclear fuel efficiency
Prepares for thorium-based future reactors
Strengthens clean energy transition